While the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Air Transport Association have been pushing the industry to adopt sustainable aviation fuel, the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center in Riyadh has pointed out that this goal may be unattainable with current technologies. It has been a challenge to develop alternatives to fossil-based fuels, even though aircraft manufacturers and airlines have all worked to boost energy efficiency over the past several decades.
Without a doubt, battery-electric powertrains are in the lead in the battle to decarbonise on-road cars. However, many have suggested that fuel cell vehicles, especially long-haul trucks, are the zero-emission solution for long-range applications because of their superior energy density compared to today's Li-ion battery systems, allowing them to deliver a greater range for the same system weight. Refueling times are also considerably faster than battery charging.
The Southeast Asian nation, Thiland plans to produce about 225,000 tonnes of hydrogen per year, which is equivalent to producing 1.2 million tonnes of green ammonia per year, at a cost of about US$7 billion. ACWA Power, a Saudi Arabian energy business, has agreed to help Thailand with its decarbonisation goals by working with the country on a green hydrogen and derivatives development project.